Effect of Implant Site Preparation by Piezoelectric and Conventional Drilling on Autograft Cell Viability: A Clinical Trial

Background and Aim: Implant site preparation with minimal trauma is an important factor in success of implant treatment and has a great effect on osseointegration. Piezoelectric bone surgery was introduced as a modern technique for micrometric osteotomy with precise, controllable action. Preservation of osteoblast cell viability is critical to achieve successful osseointegration. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of two implant site preparation methods on cell viability of bone particles collected during osteotomy. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 45 samples of bone chips were collected during implant site preparation by conventional drilling and 45 samples were collected by piezosurgery. Cell viability of bone chips collected by osteotomy was evaluated using MTS kit in both groups. Data were analyzed by t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test via SPSS version 21 software. Results: Findings showed that the percentage of cell viability in the piezosurgery group (54.40%±7.71%) was greater than that in the conventional drilling group (29.93%±6.08%) and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.000). Conclusion: Findings of the present study show that bone particulates collected by piezoelectric system have greater potential for longevity than those collected by conventional rotary system and can enhance bone healing around implants and result in successful osteointegration.